| Mental on Mon, 3 Jan 2000 13:59:03 -0500 (EST) |
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On Mon, Jan 03, 2000 at 01:41:19PM -0500, Michael W. Ryan wrote: > And this is the most commonly cited example. What if you didn't want to > do a full distribution upgrade. What if you only wanted to upgrade some? > > Michael W. Ryan, MCP, MCT | OTAKON 2000 > mryan@netaxs.com | Convention of Otaku Generation > http://www.netaxs.com/~mryan/ | http://www.otakon.com/ Have a peek at the man page. apt-get is very very nice. Altho I have had a couple minor problems with it, but thats to be expected in the unstable tree. quick howto. save the attachment, run it thru nroff | less. Mental -- "you make insanity respectable." --Helcat on the subject of Mental.
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
NNAAMMEE
apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line
interface
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
apt-get [options] [command] [package ...]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages,
and may be considered the user´s "back-end" to apt(8).
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is one of:
o update
o upgrade
o dselect-upgrade
o dist-upgrade
o install package1 [package2] [...]
o remove package1 [package2] [...]
o source package1 [package2] [...]
o check
o clean
o autoclean
Unless the -h, or --help option is given one of the above
commands must be present.
uuppddaattee uuppddaattee is used to resynchronize the package
overview files from their sources. The overviews of
available packages are fetched from the location(s)
specified in //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt. For example,
when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves
and scans the PPaacckkaaggeess..ggzz files, so that informa
tion about new and updated packages is available.
An uuppddaattee should always be performed before an
uuppggrraaddee ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee. Please be aware that the
overall progress meter will be incorrect as the
size of the package files cannot be known in
advance.
apt 4 Dec 1998
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
uuppggrraaddee
uuppggrraaddee is used to install the newest versions of
all packages currently installed on the system from
the sources enumerated in //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt.
Packages currently installed with new versions
available are retrieved and upgraded; under no cir
cumstances are currently installed packages
removed, or packages not already installed
retrieved and installed. New versions of currently
installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
changing the install status of another package will
be left at their current version. An uuppddaattee must be
performed first so that aapptt--ggeett knows that new ver
sions of packages are available.
ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee
ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee is used in conjunction with the
traditional Debian GNU/Linux packaging front-end,
ddsseelleecctt ((88)). ddsseelleecctt--uuppggrraaddee follows the changes
made by ddsseelleecctt to the _S_t_a_t_u_s field of available
packages, and performs the actions necessary to
realize that state (for instance, the removal of
old and the installation of new packages).
ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee
ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee,in addition to performing the function
of uuppggrraaddee, also intelligently handles changing
dependencies with new versions of packages; aapptt--ggeett
has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it
will attempt to upgrade the most important packages
at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
The //eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file contains a list of
locations from which to retrieve desired package
files.
iinnssttaallll
iinnssttaallll is followed by one or more _p_a_c_k_a_g_e_s desired
for installation. Each _p_a_c_k_a_g_e is a package name,
not a fully qualified filename (for instance, in a
Debian GNU/Linux system, _l_d_s_o would be the argument
provided, not _l_d_s_o___1_._9_._6_-_2_._d_e_b). All packages
required by the package(s) specified for installa
tion will also be retrieved and installed. The
//eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file is used to locate the
desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the
package name (with no intervening space), the iden
tified package will be removed if it is installed.
This latter feature may be used to override deci
sions made by apt-get´s conflict resolution system.
If no package matches the given expression and the
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apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
expression contains one of ´.´, ´?´ or ´*´ then it
is assumed to be a POSIX regex and it is applied to
all package names in the database. Any matches are
then installed (or removed). Note that matching is
done by substring so ´lo*´ matches ´how-lo´ and
´lowest´. If this is undesired prefix with a ´^´
character.
rreemmoovvee rreemmoovvee is identical to iinnssttaallll except that packages
are removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is
appended to the package name (with no intervening
space), the identified package will be installed.
ssoouurrccee ssoouurrccee causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT
will examine the available packages to decide which
source package to fetch. It will then find and
download into the current directory the newest
available version of that source package. Source
packages are tracked separately from binary pack
ages via ddeebb--ssrrcc type lines in the
//eettcc//aapptt//ssoouurrcceess..lliisstt file. This probably will
mean that you will not get the same source as the
package you have installed or as you could install.
If the --compile options is specified then the
package will be compiled to a binary .deb using
dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is specified
then the source package will not be unpacked.
Note that source packages are not tracked like
binary packages, they exist only in the current
directory and are similar to downloading source tar
balls.
cchheecckk cchheecckk is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package
cache and checks for broken packages.
cclleeaann cclleeaann clears out the local repository of retrieved
package files. It removes everything but the lock
file from //vvaarr//ccaacchhee//aapptt//aarrcchhiivveess// and
//vvaarr//ccaacchhee//aapptt//aarrcchhiivveess//ppaarrttiiaall//. When APT is used
as a ddsseelleecctt((88)) method, cclleeaann is run automatically.
Those who do not use dselect will likely want to
run apt-get clean ffrroomm ttiimmee ttoo ttiimmee ttoo ffrreeee uupp ddiisskk
ssppaaccee..
aauuttoocclleeaann
Like cclleeaann, aauuttoocclleeaann clears out the local reposi
tory of retrieved package files. The difference is
that it only removes package files that can no
apt 4 Dec 1998
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This
allows a cache to be maintained over a long period
without it growing out of control.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
All command line options may be set using the configura
tion file, the descriptions indicate the configuration
option to set. For boolean options you can override the
config file by using something like --ff--, ----nnoo--ff, --ff==nnoo or
several other variations.
--dd,, ----ddoowwnnllooaadd--oonnllyy
Download only; package files are only retrieved,
not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::DDoowwnnllooaadd--OOnnllyy.
--ff,, ----ffiixx--bbrrookkeenn
Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken depen
dencies in place. This option may be used alone or
in conjunction with any of the command actions, and
is sometimes necessary when running APT for the
first time; APT itself does not allow broken pack
age dependencies to exist on a system. It is possi
ble that a system´s dependency structure can be so
corrupt as to require manual intervention (which
usually means using dselect or dpkg --remove to
eliminate some of the offending packages). Use of
this option together with -m may produce an error
in some situations. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::FFiixx--BBrrookkeenn.
--hh,, ----hheellpp
Help; display a helpful usage message and exits.
--vv,, ----vveerrssiioonn
Show the program version.
--mm,, ----iiggnnoorree--mmiissssiinngg,, ----ffiixx--mmiissssiinngg
Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be
retrieved or fail the integrity check after
retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
those packages and handle the result. Use of this
option together with -f may produce an error in
some situations. Configuration Item: iiggnnoorree--mmiissss
iinngg.
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apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
----nnoo--ddoowwnnllooaadd
Disables downloading of packages. This is best used
with --ignore-missing to force APT to use only the
.debs it has already downloaded.
--qq,, ----qquuiieett
Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omit
ting progress indicators. More q´s will produce
more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
--qq==## to set the quiet level, overriding the config
uration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y,
you should never use -qq without a no-action modi
fier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
decided to do something you did not expect. Con
figuration Item: qquuiieett
--ss,, ----ssiimmuullaattee,, ----jjuusstt--pprriinntt,, ----ddrryy--rruunn,, ----rreeccoonn,, ----nnoo--aacctt
No action; perform a simulation of events that
would occur but do not actually change the system.
Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::SSiimmuullaattee.
Simulate prints out a series of lines each one rep
resenting a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf),
Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indi
cate broken packages with and empty set of square
brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence
(rare).
--yy,, ----yyeess,, ----aassssuummee--yyeess
Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to
all prompts and run non-interactively. If an unde
sirable situation, such as changing a held package
or removing an essential package occurs then aapptt--
ggeett will abort. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::AAssssuummee--YYeess.
--uu,, ----sshhooww--uuppggrraaddeedd
Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all
packages that are to be upgraded. Configuration
Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::SShhooww--UUppggrraaddeedd.
--bb,, ----ccoommppiillee,, ----bbuuiilldd
Compile source packages after downloading them.
----iiggnnoorree--hhoolldd
Ignore package Holds; This causes aapptt--ggeett to ignore
a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in
conjunction with ddiisstt--uuppggrraaddee to override a large
apt 4 Dec 1998
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
number of undesired holds. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::IIggnnoorree--HHoolldd.
----nnoo--uuppggrraaddee
Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction
with iinnssttaallll nnoo--uuppggrraaddee will prevent packages
listed from being upgraded if they are already
installed. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::nnoo--
uuppggrraaddee.
----ffoorrccee--yyeess
Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will
cause apt to continue without prompting if it is
doing something potentially harmful. It should not
be used except in very special situations. Using
ffoorrccee--yyeess can potentially destroy your system! Con
figuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::ffoorrccee--yyeess.
----pprriinntt--uurriiss
Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs
are printed. Each URI will have the path, the des
tination file name, the size and the expected md5
hash. Note that the file name to write to will not
always match the file name on the remote site! This
also works with the ssoouurrccee command. Configuration
Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::PPrriinntt--UURRIIss.
----ppuurrggee
Use purge instead of remove for anything that would
be removed.
----rreeiinnssttaallll
Re-Install packages that are already installed and
at the newest version.
----lliisstt--cclleeaannuupp
This option defaults to on, use ----nnoo--lliisstt--cclleeaannuupp
to turn it off. When on apt-get will automatically
manage the contents of /var/state/apt/lists to
ensure that obsolete files are erased. The only
reason to turn it off is if you frequently change
your source list. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::LLiisstt--CClleeaannuupp
----ttrriivviiaall--oonnllyy
Only perform operations are ´trivial´. Logically
this can be considered related to --assume-yes,
apt 4 Dec 1998
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
where --assume-yes will answer yes to any prompt,
--trivial-only will answer no. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::TTrriivviiaall--OOnnllyy
----nnoo--rreemmoovvee
If any packages are to be removed apt-get immedi
ately aborts without prompting. Configuration Item:
AAPPTT::::GGeett::::NNoo--RReemmoovvee
----ddiiffff--oonnllyy, bd(--tar-only)
Download only the diff or tar file of a source
archive. Configuration Item: AAPPTT::::GGeett::::DDiiffff--OOnnllyy
--cc,, ----ccoonnffiigg--ffiillee
Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to
use. aapptt--ggeett will read the default configuration
file and then this configuration file. See
aapptt..ccoonnff((55)) for syntax information.
--oo,, ----ooppttiioonn
Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbi
trary configuration option. The syntax is
-o Foo::Bar=bar
FFIILLEESS
o /etc/apt/sources.list locations to fetch packages
from
o /var/cache/apt/archives/ storage area for retrieved
package files
o /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ storage area for
package files in transit
o /var/state/apt/lists/ storage area for state infor
mation for each package resource specified in the
source list
o /var/state/apt/lists/partial/ storage area for
state information in transit
apt 4 Dec 1998
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
apt-cache(8), dpkg(8), dselect(8), sources.list(5),
apt.conf(5), The APT Users Guide in /usr/doc/apt/
DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on
error.
BBUUGGSS
See http://bugs.debian.org/apt. If you wish to report a
bug in aapptt--ggeett, please see //uussrr//ddoocc//ddeebbiiaann//bbuugg--rreeppoorrtt
iinngg..ttxxtt or the bbuugg((11)) command.
AAUUTTHHOORR
apt-get was written by the APT team <apt@pack
ages.debian.org>.
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